In the realm of veterinary medicine, ensuring the health and well-being of pets is paramount. Among the many pharmaceutical solutions available, Disophenol (CAS 305-85-1) stands out as a highly effective anthelmintic used to combat parasitic infections in cats and dogs. Produced by Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., a reputable name in pharmaceutical manufacturing, Disophenol has earned its place as a trusted solution for veterinarians and pet owners alike. This article delves into the properties, applications, safety considerations, and manufacturing excellence behind Disophenol, highlighting why it remains a go-to choice for treating hookworm infections.
What is Disophenol (CAS 305-85-1)?
Disophenol, chemically known as 2,6-diiodo-4-nitrophenol, is a synthetic compound with the molecular formula C6H3I2NO3 and a molecular weight of 390.90 g/mol. It is primarily used as an injectable anthelmintic in veterinary medicine, targeting hookworm infections in dogs and cats. Hookworms, such as Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma braziliense, Uncinaria stenocephala in dogs, and Ancylostoma tubaeforme in cats, are parasitic nematodes that can cause significant health issues, including anemia, weight loss, and gastrointestinal distress. Disophenol works by disrupting the parasites' metabolic processes, effectively eliminating them from the host animal’s system.
The compound’s efficacy has been well-documented in veterinary research. Studies, such as those published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, have demonstrated Disophenol’s ability to clear hookworm infections with a single dose, making it a convenient and powerful treatment option. Its rapid absorption following oral or subcutaneous administration ensures quick action, with minimal elimination within the first 24 hours, allowing for sustained therapeutic effects.
Applications of Disophenol in Veterinary Medicine
Disophenol’s primary application is in the treatment of hookworm infestations in companion animals. Hookworms latch onto the intestinal lining of their hosts, feeding on blood and causing symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe health complications. Left untreated, these parasites can lead to life-threatening conditions, particularly in young or immunocompromised animals. Disophenol’s targeted action makes it an essential tool for veterinarians in endemic regions where hookworm infections are prevalent.
Beyond hookworms, Disophenol has been explored for its efficacy against other parasitic infections, such as Spirocerca lupi in dogs, which causes esophageal nodules and can lead to cancerous transformations if untreated. Research published in the Veterinary Record has noted Disophenol’s role in alleviating clinical signs of spirocercosis, although its success in completely curing such infections varies. Additionally, Disophenol has shown variable activity against other parasites, including lice in northern fur seal pups, indicating its versatility in veterinary applications.
Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: A Leader in Veterinary Pharmaceuticals
Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., based in Henan Province, China, is a key player in the production of high-quality pharmaceutical products, including Disophenol. Established with a commitment to innovation and excellence, the company leverages advanced manufacturing processes and stringent quality control measures to ensure that its products meet global standards. While specific details about Kaifeng Darui’s operations are limited, its affiliation with the broader pharmaceutical ecosystem in Kaifeng—home to companies like Kaifeng Kangnuo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., with 68 patents—suggests a robust infrastructure for research and development.
Kaifeng Darui’s production of Disophenol underscores its dedication to addressing unmet needs in veterinary medicine. By focusing on compounds like Disophenol, the company contributes to improving animal health worldwide, supporting veterinarians and pet owners in their efforts to combat parasitic diseases. The company’s adherence to good manufacturing practices (GMP) ensures that Disophenol is produced with consistency and purity, critical factors in pharmaceutical efficacy and safety.
Chemical and Physical Properties of Disophenol
Disophenol is a yellow to orange crystalline powder with distinct chemical properties that contribute to its effectiveness. It is insoluble in water but soluble in polar organic solvents such as ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). With a melting point of 220-225°C and a boiling point of 408°C, Disophenol is stable under standard conditions but can decompose at high temperatures, releasing toxic gases like nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. Its chemical stability and reactivity make it suitable for formulation into injectable solutions, ensuring ease of administration in veterinary settings.
Disophenol’s mechanism of action involves uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial membranes of parasites. This process disrupts the parasites’ ability to produce ATP, leading to their death. However, this mechanism also underscores the need for careful dosing, as excessive administration can affect mammalian cells similarly, leading to potential toxicity.
Safety and Toxicity Considerations
While Disophenol is highly effective, it is not without risks. Veterinary literature, including studies in the American Journal of Veterinary Research, has documented cases of Disophenol toxicosis, particularly in small animals and long-haired dogs in warm environments. Toxicity is typically observed at doses exceeding 33 mg/kg and manifests as increased body temperature, elevated respiratory and heart rates, and, in severe cases, cataracts or tetanus-like symptoms. Younger animals may experience reversible lens opacities, while severe intoxication carries a guarded prognosis.
Treatment of Disophenol intoxication focuses on reducing body temperature through antipyretic agents, intravenous fluids, and cooling measures such as ice baths or dampening the fur. Veterinarians are advised to administer Disophenol with caution, considering factors like the animal’s size, breed, and environmental conditions. Importantly, Disophenol has been voluntarily withdrawn from some markets due to safety concerns, emphasizing the need for strict adherence to dosing guidelines.
Why Choose Disophenol from Kaifeng Darui?
Choosing Disophenol from Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. offers several advantages. First, the company’s commitment to quality ensures that each batch of Disophenol meets rigorous standards, providing veterinarians with a reliable product. Second, Disophenol’s proven efficacy against hookworms makes it a valuable addition to veterinary formularies, particularly in regions where parasitic infections are common. Finally, Kaifeng Darui’s focus on veterinary pharmaceuticals positions it as a trusted partner for animal health professionals seeking effective solutions.
Pet owners and veterinarians can have confidence in Disophenol’s ability to address hookworm infections swiftly and effectively. By partnering with a manufacturer like Kaifeng Darui, they gain access to a product backed by expertise and innovation, ensuring the best possible outcomes for their patients.
Future Directions and Research
The future of Disophenol in veterinary medicine depends on ongoing research and development. While its efficacy against hookworms is well-established, further studies could explore its potential against other parasites or refine its safety profile. Advances in formulation technology may also lead to safer delivery methods, reducing the risk of toxicity. Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is well-positioned to contribute to these efforts, leveraging its expertise to drive innovation in veterinary pharmaceuticals.
Additionally, the global demand for effective anthelmintics is likely to grow as pet ownership increases and awareness of parasitic diseases rises. Companies like Kaifeng Darui can play a pivotal role in meeting this demand, ensuring that products like Disophenol remain accessible to veterinarians worldwide.
Conclusion
Disophenol (CAS 305-85-1) is a cornerstone of veterinary medicine, offering a powerful solution for treating hookworm infections in cats and dogs. Produced by Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., this anthelmintic combines proven efficacy with the reliability of a trusted manufacturer. While safety considerations require careful administration, Disophenol’s benefits make it an invaluable tool for veterinarians. As research continues to evolve, Disophenol and Kaifeng Darui are poised to remain at the forefront of veterinary care, safeguarding the health of companion animals around the globe.
animal medicine CAS 305-85-1 Disophenol hookworm treatment Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical pet health pharmaceutical manufacturing veterinary anthelmintic
