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Introduction to Idazoxan Hydrochloride
Idazoxan Hydrochloride (CAS: 79944-56-2) is a pharmacologically significant compound renowned for its multifaceted receptor interactions, particularly as an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist and an I2 imidazoline receptor agonist. Produced by Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., a leading manufacturer of high-quality pharmaceutical intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), Idazoxan Hydrochloride is a critical tool in biomedical research and has shown promise in various therapeutic applications. This article delves into the chemical properties, pharmacological mechanisms, research applications, and the exceptional production standards of Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., positioning Idazoxan Hydrochloride as a cornerstone in modern pharmacological studies.
Chemical Profile of Idazoxan Hydrochloride
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Idazoxan Hydrochloride, chemically known as 2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole hydrochloride, has a molecular formula of C11H12N2O2·HCl and a molecular weight of 240.69 g/mol. It is highly soluble in water (up to 50 mg/ml) and phosphate-buffered saline (50 mM), making it suitable for various experimental setups. The compound’s selectivity for α2-adrenoceptors over α1-receptors, with pKi values of 8.01, 7.43, and 7.7 for α2A, α2B, and α2C receptors respectively, underscores its specificity and efficacy in targeting specific neurotransmitter pathways. Additionally, it acts as an I2 imidazoline receptor agonist (pKi 7.22) and an I1 imidazoline receptor antagonist (pKi 5.90), broadening its research applications.
Pharmacological Mechanisms and Applications
α2-Adrenoceptor Antagonism
Idazoxan Hydrochloride’s primary pharmacological action is its antagonism of α2-adrenoceptors, which are critical in modulating neurotransmitter release, including norepinephrine and serotonin. By blocking these receptors, Idazoxan increases neurotransmitter availability, which has implications for treating mood disorders, depression, and anxiety. Studies have demonstrated its ability to reverse haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats with an ED50 of 0.25 mg/kg, highlighting its potential in managing motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders.
Imidazoline Receptor Interactions
As an I2 imidazoline receptor agonist, Idazoxan Hydrochloride influences pain modulation pathways, offering potential in developing analgesics. Its antagonistic action at I1 imidazoline receptors, which are involved in blood pressure regulation, suggests possible applications in hypertension research, although clinical use in this area remains limited. The dual receptor activity makes Idazoxan a unique compound for studying complex physiological processes.
Neuroprotection and Antineoplastic Activity
Idazoxan Hydrochloride has shown neuroprotective properties, particularly in reducing blood-brain barrier damage and mitigating spinal cord injury in mouse models of multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE). Additionally, in vitro studies have revealed its cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines, including lung, prostate, breast, gastric, ovarian, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, at concentrations of 0.05–1.0 mg/ml, indicating potential antineoplastic applications.
Antidepressant and Behavioral Studies
The compound’s ability to modulate neurotransmitter systems has made it a valuable tool in studying antidepressant treatments. Idazoxan Hydrochloride can modify behavioral effects induced by norepinephrine, serotonin, or dual reuptake inhibitors in the rat forced swimming test, providing insights into the efficacy of multi-target antidepressants. It also antagonizes ethanol-induced behaviors in preclinical settings, suggesting potential in addiction research.
Research Applications of Idazoxan Hydrochloride
Idazoxan Hydrochloride’s versatility has led to its widespread use in pharmacological and biomedical research. Key applications include:
Neuroscience Research: Its ability to enhance perforant path-evoked EPSP slope and reduce paired-pulse facilitation in the rat dentate gyrus makes it a valuable tool for studying synaptic plasticity and memory processes.
Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders: Idazoxan improves motor symptoms in experimental Parkinsonism and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias, offering insights into novel therapeutic strategies.
Pain Management: As an I2 imidazoline receptor agonist, it is used to investigate pain modulation pathways and develop new analgesics.
Cancer Research: Its cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines position it as a candidate for antineoplastic studies.
Addiction Studies: Its ability to antagonize ethanol-induced behaviors supports research into substance abuse treatments.
Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: A Trusted Manufacturer
Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is a prominent player in the global pharmaceutical industry, specializing in the production of high-purity APIs and intermediates. Based in China, the company adheres to stringent quality control standards, ensuring that products like Idazoxan Hydrochloride meet the needs of researchers and pharmaceutical developers worldwide. Their commitment to innovation, quality, and regulatory compliance has earned them a reputation as a reliable supplier in the biomedical research market.
Quality Assurance and Production Standards
Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical employs advanced manufacturing techniques and rigorous quality assurance protocols to produce Idazoxan Hydrochloride. Each batch is accompanied by a Certificate of Analysis (CoA), providing detailed lot-specific data, including purity, water content, and other critical parameters. The company’s facilities are equipped with state-of-the-art technology, ensuring consistency and reliability in every product. Their adherence to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and compliance with international regulatory standards further enhance the trustworthiness of their offerings.
Global Reach and Customer Support
Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical serves a global clientele, supplying Idazoxan Hydrochloride to research institutions, universities, and pharmaceutical companies. Their customer support team is readily available to assist with inquiries, including requests for CoAs and technical data, ensuring a seamless experience for researchers. The company also offers competitive pricing and bulk discounts, making their products accessible for large-scale studies.
Safety and Handling Considerations
Idazoxan Hydrochloride is classified as a Dangerous Good for transport due to its acute toxicity (Acute Tox. 3 Oral) and potential for causing chronic effects. Researchers must handle it with care, following safety guidelines outlined in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS). Key precautions include:
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible substances.
Handling: Use personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and eye protection, to avoid skin and eye contact.
Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with local regulations for hazardous chemicals.
Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical provides comprehensive SDS documents and technical support to ensure safe handling and compliance with regulatory requirements.
Future Prospects and Research Directions
The multifaceted pharmacological profile of Idazoxan Hydrochloride positions it as a compound of significant interest for future research. Emerging areas of exploration include:
Personalized Medicine: Its interactions with multiple receptor systems could lead to tailored therapies for complex disorders like depression and Parkinson’s disease.
Combination Therapies: Combining Idazoxan with other pharmacological agents may enhance its therapeutic efficacy, particularly in neuroprotection and cancer treatment.
Clinical Translation: While currently limited to research use, further studies could pave the way for clinical applications, especially in pain management and neurodegenerative diseases.
Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical’s commitment to producing high-purity Idazoxan Hydrochloride ensures that researchers have access to a reliable compound for these innovative studies, driving advancements in biomedical science.
Conclusion
Idazoxan Hydrochloride (CAS: 79944-56-2) is a versatile and pharmacologically significant compound with applications spanning neuroscience, oncology, pain management, and addiction research. As an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist and I2 imidazoline receptor agonist, it offers unique insights into complex physiological processes, making it a valuable tool for researchers worldwide. Produced by Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Idazoxan Hydrochloride exemplifies quality, reliability, and innovation in pharmaceutical manufacturing. With its robust research potential and the backing of a trusted manufacturer, Idazoxan Hydrochloride is poised to play a pivotal role in advancing biomedical science and improving human health.
For researchers seeking high-quality Idazoxan Hydrochloride, Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. offers a dependable source, supported by exceptional customer service and rigorous quality standards. Contact their team today to explore how Idazoxan Hydrochloride can elevate your research endeavors.
antidepressant studies CAS 79944-56-2 I2 imidazoline receptor agonist Idazoxan Hydrochloride Kaifeng Darui Pharmaceutical neuroprotection pharmacological research α2-adrenoceptor antagonist
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